Chem Std.

11 b. Students know the energy release per gram of material is much larger in nuclear fusion or fission reactions than in chemical reactions. The change in mass (calculated by E = mc² ) is small but significant in nuclear reaction.


Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous scientist of this century. One of his most well-known accomplishments is the formula
Despite its familiarity, many people don't really understand what it means. We hope this explanation will help!
Example:

= 0.111 x 300,000,000 x 300,000,000 = 10,000,000,000,000,000 Joules

This is an incredible amount of energy! A Joule is not a large unit of energy ... one Joule is about the energy released when you drop a textbook to the floor. But the amount of energy in 30 grams of hydrogen atoms is equivalent to burning hundreds of thousands of gallons of gasoline!


Two protons stuck together have less mass than two single separate protons!
When the protons are forced together, this extra mass is released ... as energy! Typically this amounts to about 0.7% of the total mass, converted to an amount of energy predictable using the formula .



Einstein's theories sprang from a ground of ideas prepared by decades of experiments. One of the most striking, in retrospect, was done in Cleveland, Ohio, by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley in 1887. Their apparatus, shown above, was a massive stone block with mirrors and crisscrossing light beams, giving an accurate measurement of any change in the velocity of light. Michelson and Morley expected to see their light beams shifted by the swift motion of the earth in space. To their surprise, they could not detect any change. It is debatable whether Einstein paid heed to this particular experiment, but his work provided an explanation of the unexpected result through a new analysis of space and time.

IPropseWe

Learn how to burn bubbles.
Bubbles are fun no matter what, but bubbles you can burn just has that added extra appeal. Here's an easy science project you can do that proves propellants in common products are flammable and allows you to burn some bubbles.

Materials for the Burning Bubbles Project

• soapy water or bubble solution
• spray can containing a pressurized flammable propellant
• lighter or match (preferably long-handled)
• cup or bowl

A lot of the products you use that come in spray cans use a flammable propellant to disperse their product. Examples include hairspray, canned air, spray paint, antiperspirant, and bug spray. Common flammable propellants include various alcohols, propane, n-butane, methyl ethyl ether and dimethyl ether. You know you have a can containing a flammable product by reading the label. It will include a hazard statement warning you that the contents are under pressure and to keep the can away from heat and flame and that the contents are flammable. Some cans use non-flammable carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide as a propellent (whipped cream and cooking sprays), which won't work for this project. Once you have identified a flammable propellant, one fire-related project is to spray the product and ignite the aerosol, creating a sort of flamethrower. This is not particularly safe. Blowing flammable bubbles and igniting them illustrates the same point without the risk of blowing up a pressurized can.

Blow Bubbles and Burn Them

1. Pour soapy water or bubble solution into a container.

2. Immerse the nozzle of the can in the liquid.

3. Spray the can, forming bubbles.

4. Remove the can from the liquid and set it a safe distance from the container.

5. Ignite the bubbles, preferably using a long-handled lighter.

Do you see why it would be a bad plan to smoke while using hairspray? The effect you get depends on the flammable propellant. The flames don't last long enough (at least in my experience) to set off a smoke alarm or melt a plastic container.

Safety Warning

This is one of those projects which should only be attempted under adult supervision. Do not get carried away and blow a big mass of bubbles. Igniting flammable materials is associated with risk. Use of proper eye and skin protection is advised.

The Sky

The sky is beautiful most of the time . The light blue clear sky with the sun and a few clouds flowing the sky is so peaceful . Whenever I am having a bad day , I always drive to the beach and just sit and watch the sunset and the waves go by . It is a great place for me to think . Just watching the different colors of the clouds in the sunset is amazing . I love looking at the sky and just thinking .

Baseball Season

I am so happy that baseball season has started ! I am a HUGE sports freak and baseball is one of my favorite sports . Since I grew up in the east bay , I love the Oakland Athletics ! They are my number one favorite baseball team . I have always been in love with the Oakland Athletics , and I will always be a die - heart A's fan ! (:

David Webb && Vaccums

On Tuesday , we had a guy named David Webb come into our chemistry class and talk to us about pressure . He did some pretty interesting things with pressure , using this air vacuum thing to melt marshmellows together , crush a 2 liter soda bottle , and to pop a small balloon . It was pretty cool . It's amazing what you can watch and learn when you watch someone who has been doing it for years , show you how it's done . I hope we can have more guest speakers like him , come and show us the material we are working with .

Wrestling .

I am 110% totally obssessed with wrestling. I watch the WWE all the time . I just went to San Jose to go watch WWE Monday Night Raw live and it was great . I am IN love with John Cena , who is a pro wrestler in the WWE , and seeing him up close was the best thing in the world . What I loved most about it , was that the poster I was holding up about him , as he was coming out of the ring , he saw my poster , and put his sweat-band on my wrist . I wanted to die ! I couldn't believe what had just happened . It was such a great night , and I hope to go back real soon . I love you John Cena !

Parents .

My parents have really been stressing me out lately . I mean I love my parents to death , but they just need to give me my space , and trust me . They think I can do a million things at once and I am tired of it . They expect me to get straight A's , and graduate top of my class . I'm a human being , not a miracle worker . I hate how they are always on my about every little detail in my life . Just because their parents were always on them about everything , doesn't mean that they have to be this way with me . It's my life , and if it is something important , then I will come and talk to you about it , if not . Then just let me live my life the way I am and get over it !

Jehovah's Witness

I think has to be THE worst religion in the world. I hate the fact that I am a Jehovah's Witness, because I don't get to know the true meaning of holidays. I have never really gotten a christmas gift before, or celebrated any other holiday. I hate the religion I am in and I want out. I am glad that I only really have to be in this religion for another year and a half, because I can convert out when I am 18 years old. I can't wait to be able celebrate holidays with friends. :)

Holidays.

People love celebreating holidays right? Well, not me. I do not celebrate them. My religion doesn't believe in holidays therefore, neither do I. It is kinda depressing that I don't celebrate holidays, because i would love to celebrate things with friends, because all of my friends celebrate holidays, and im stuck at home doing nothing.

Life

People love life, and others hate it. I am kinda in the middle of liking it and not liking it. at times i will have a great day and i will be in a good mood all day, and others i don't want to talk to anyone and want nothing to do with anyone. Life can also be very complex. But just live life to the fullest and everything will be okay. Do what you feel you should do life and no worries will occur.

Stress

Everyone is stressed. Whether it be because of school, work, family, relationships, etc. Stress is everywhere and no one can hide from it. Stress can lead to depression in people, and can even cause people to do things that they could possibly regret. I have been stressed many times, but there are ways to get over it. You can sleep, listen to music, exercise, etc. Anything that can get your mind off of stress is great! :)

Love/Hate

Love is one thing. Hate is a completley different topic. Love is good at times, but it can also be bad. To me, love is a scary word. I never really cared that much for the word love. I only think people should use the word "love" when they are married, or that they know they want to be with that one person for the rest of their lives.

Hate to me is probably the biggest part of my life. It's not that I don't have a lot of hate in my life, but it would probably be the fact that I kinda think that couples that are "in love" sicken me. No one knows what love really is. Hate is better in my life than love it. Not to sound depressed.

Time

Time can fly by and time can take forever to pass depending on what you are doing. If you are playing sports or doing other active things then it will seem like time flys real fast, but if you are just stitting and doing nothing, then the time will go by super slow. Time is great when you are in school and you want to go home, but at times, school takes forever because you always look at the clock and it doesn't seem like it changes.